History of Psychology
Psychology is the systematic and scientific study of mental processes, experiences and behaviour which is expressed and latent. The origin of the word “Psychology” is derived from two Greek understood that each explanation of behaviour words “Psyche” and “Logos” meaning of Psychecan be interpreted by this instinct only. is Soul and Logos means Science or study o f a Philosophers like Rousseau believe that man is subject. Thus, Psychology was considered as subject of the Soul or Mind.
The history of psychology as a modern discipline, which is influenced by the western development is very small. Its emergence is related with the psychological significance influenced with the philosophy.
The history of psychology is divided in two parts
- Pre scientific period
- Scientific period
1. Pre scientific Period :-
- Starting of pre scientific period was influenced by thoughts of early greek philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates and it survives till the later half of the 19th century, specially till 1878. During this period of 400 BC Hippocrates propounded the theory of constitutional types and it had considerable influence on the future psychologists and Sheldon gave his Somato type Theory on Hippocrates views.
- As the greek philosophers Angustine and Thomas view that mind and body are two things and they do not have any sort o f co nne ctio n. But De sc artes, Leibnitz and Spinoza believed that mind and bod y are related to each other and influence each other. Greek philosopher Descartes opines that every individual born with some particular ideas. But other philosophers such as Locke were of the opinion that a person at birth is “tabula-rasa” means that his mind is like a blank paper and subsequently, new experiences, new ideas are generated.
- Later this debate gave birth to a new conception which was described as instinct and it came to be a born good natured, but the bitter experience of society makes him bad tempered. On the other hand, philosopher like Spencer was in the opinion that man born with the qualities of selfishness and aggressiveness by nature and these are controlled by the society. As a result individual’s behaviour becomes social from anti-social.
- In the early 19th century, two areas which majorly affected the modern psychology were- first area was of philosophy in which British Philosophers contribution cannot be denied such as James Mill and John Staurt Mill. They forced on the studies of consciousness and the related ideas. And the second area of physical and biological sciences in which studies related with the sense organs were studied. Weber and Fechner’s contribution was important in this area.
2. Scientific Period :-
- Scientific period of psychology begins from 1879. In this year Wilhelm Wundt opened first laboratory of psychology in Leipzig (Germany). Wundt was interested in studying conscious experience and wanted to analyze the manufacturing units of the mind. In the period many psychologists were analyzing the structure of mind through introspection, so Wundt was called as Structuralist.
- Introspection was a process in which the client was asked to describe his mental processes and experiences in detail.
- Psychology was developed in different schools and these schools were influenced by the ideas of Wundt.
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Important Points :-
- This chapter of Psychology Consider behaviour as Psychology and gives definition, nature and goals.
- The study of humen behaviour is goal directed Hence Psychology has prusceted discipline measurment, Prediction and control.
- History of Psychology is discribed evolution of Psychology as pre scientific and scientific period.
- Different schools of Psychology explained and stretnitham Functionalism, Gestaff, behaviour nd Psycloanysis.
- Emphasis has been given to evaluation of psychology in India and its relation with other disciplines were discussed as spinal cold because wherever humen being is there, development is also him thats wire is called
I. The origin of the term “Psychology” is from____words
a. Greek
b. Latin
c. Hindi
d. English
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II. William Wundt established first psychology laboratory in____
a. Cornell University, 1992
b. Harward University, 1892
c. Leipzig University, 1879
d. No one from the above
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III. Meaning of Psyche is_____
a. Deliberation
b. Study
c. Soul
d. Consciousness
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IV. Which of these is not amongst the goals of Psychology?
a. Measurement and Description
b. Interpretation
c. Prediction and Control
d. Testing
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V. “Humans are born with qualities of selfishness, aggressiveness, which are controlled by the society” whose statement is this.
a. Rousseau
b. Spencer
c. Sigmund Freud
d. J.B.Watson
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