Language development in children

• Language is a popular medium of communication by which we can convey what we want to say. There is clarity in ideas. That is why language has an invaluable contribution in social, mental, cognitive, personality development. Therefore, language development in every child is important.

Stages of language development

Expressions before actual language

1. Crying
2. Blabbering
3. Facial expressions

Expressions of actual language

1. Pronunciation
2. Estimation ability
3. Vocabulary
4. Sentence formation

Pattern of language development

• Language development pattern is similar to functional development and both go parallel. Language development is same in each child but the children who get motivation and training at the right time and practice learn the language early while the ones who do not get training, motivation and practice on right time learn it late.

Characteristics of child’s language material

1. Self-centered language
2. Excessive questions
3. Repetition of words
4. Abstract language
5. Socialized language Hardships of language (speech) development

Voice defects

1. Defects in pronunciation
2. Word meaning related defects
3. Defects in sentence formation

Voice disorder

1. Faulty pronunciation
2. Unclear pronunciation
3. Stammering
4. Lisping
5. Sharp obscure speech

Use of two languages

• Bilingual in general means- ‘using two languages’. This is not only concerned with speaking or writing but also for understanding what others speak.

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Important Points of Development in Infancy and Childhood :- 

1. Childhood is an extremely important step of all the steps involved in life span development. In this stage, growth and development in children takes place at a very rapid rate.
2. By the end of childhood stage height of a child is 57.5 inches and weight is 48 kg.
3. Malnutrition, physical weight and size, modest qualities and feeble mind, emotional condition, lack of learning opportunities, lack of encouragement, etc. are the factors affecting child’s development.
4. Cognition is the ability or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
5. A child learns to reason, contemplate, analyze, memorize by intellectual and mental development.
6. Memorizing ability, reasoning ability, questioning ability, contemplating ability, generalizing ability-are some of the cognitive abilities of childhood.
7. Wisdom or intellect is a strength which gives an individual the ability to adjust with the changing situations.
8. Hardships of speech development are- voice defects and voice disorders such as defects in pronunciation, defects in sentence formation, (v) word meaning related defects, faulty pronunciation, unclear pronunciation, stammering, lisping and sharp obscure speech
9. Bilingual in general means- ‘using two 2. languages’.
10. Stages of language development- crying, blabbering, facial expressions, pronunciation, analyzing power, vocabulary, sentence formation.
11. Ethical behavior is the conduct according to the ethical code of a social group.

Development in Infancy and Childhood Questions-Answers

1. Which of the following does not affect physical development?
(a) Malnutrition
(b) Nutrition
(c) Disease
(d) Fear

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2. Which of the following is a cognitive ability of childhood?
(a) Maturity
(b) Senses
(c) Reasoning ability
(d) Wisdom

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Answer :- C

3. How many languages are used in bilingualism?
(a) Two
(b) One
(c) Three
(d) Five

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Answer :- A

4. Which is a voice disorder?
(a) Defect in pronunciation
(b) Deaf and dumb
(c) Stammering
(d) Defect in sentence formation

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Answer :- C

5. Which of the following is not a common emotion?
(a) Fear
(b) Smiling
(c) Anger
(d) Shyness

Answer :- ?????