Ethical (moral) development in childhood

• Ethical behavior is the conduct according to the ethical code of a social group.

Learning pattern of ethical development

1. Trial and error
2. Role of customs, traditions and laws
3. Role of reward and punishment
4. Role of social consciousness
5. Knowing good and bad
6. Role of shame and guilt
7. Role of human consciousness

Importance of ethical development in child’s life

1. Development of awareness
2. Development of decision making ability
3. Helpful in determination of conduct
4. Helpful in socialization
5. Development of attitude
6. Development in sense of security
7. Helpful in personality development
8. Helpful in character building

Factors affecting childhood

1. Diseases
2. Accidents
3. Physical incapability
4. Shapelessness
5. External appearance
6. Sexually inappropriate physical buildup
7. Obesity

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Important Points of Development in Infancy and Childhood :- 

1. Childhood is an extremely important step of all the steps involved in life span development. In this stage, growth and development in children takes place at a very rapid rate.
2. By the end of childhood stage height of a child is 57.5 inches and weight is 48 kg.
3. Malnutrition, physical weight and size, modest qualities and feeble mind, emotional condition, lack of learning opportunities, lack of encouragement, etc. are the factors affecting child’s development.
4. Cognition is the ability or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
5. A child learns to reason, contemplate, analyze, memorize by intellectual and mental development.
6. Memorizing ability, reasoning ability, questioning ability, contemplating ability, generalizing ability-are some of the cognitive abilities of childhood.
7. Wisdom or intellect is a strength which gives an individual the ability to adjust with the changing situations.
8. Hardships of speech development are- voice defects and voice disorders such as defects in pronunciation, defects in sentence formation, (v) word meaning related defects, faulty pronunciation, unclear pronunciation, stammering, lisping and sharp obscure speech
9. Bilingual in general means- ‘using two 2. languages’.
10. Stages of language development- crying, blabbering, facial expressions, pronunciation, analyzing power, vocabulary, sentence formation.
11. Ethical behavior is the conduct according to the ethical code of a social group.

Development in Infancy and Childhood Questions-Answers

1. Which of the following does not affect physical development?
(a) Malnutrition
(b) Nutrition
(c) Disease
(d) Fear

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2. Which of the following is a cognitive ability of childhood?
(a) Maturity
(b) Senses
(c) Reasoning ability
(d) Wisdom

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Answer :- C

3. How many languages are used in bilingualism?
(a) Two
(b) One
(c) Three
(d) Five

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Answer :- A

4. Which is a voice disorder?
(a) Defect in pronunciation
(b) Deaf and dumb
(c) Stammering
(d) Defect in sentence formation

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Answer :- C

5. Which of the following is not a common emotion?
(a) Fear
(b) Smiling
(c) Anger
(d) Shyness

Answer :- ?????