Table of Contents

Introspection Method in Psychology

Introspection means internal observation. In other words when the person himself observes his own feelings then it is called as introspection. This technique was invented by William Wundt and Titchner who established the school named Structuralism.
These people called the psychology as a science of conscious experience and said that introspection should be the only technique to study conscious experiences. They defined three elements of conscious experiences which are: Sensation, Feeling and Image. If a person expresses his conscious experiences in form of these facts then this type of expression of feeling will be called as introspection. For an example if a person saw a dead man on the road, then some specific thoughts will come in his conscious experience whose description is as follows:
“Seeing the dead body of a person made me feel sad and same kind of an incident also happened yesterday in front of my home where somebody killed a person of same age.”
According to Tichner (1890), the success of introspective method depends on following things:

The person who wants to introspect himself shouldn’t have any prejudice or feeling bias.
The person who wants to introspect himself should have full control over his attention process.
The person who wants to introspect must be physically and mentally fresh. There shouldn’t be any feeling fatigue or boredom.
The person who wants to introspect must have interest in introspection and should have calm temperament.

Introspection Method of Merits:

Introspection method has following merits:

The study and analysis of mental processes of a person like his feelings, wishes, etc can be done properly by using introspection method. Some mental problems can be studied only through introspection method. Like: if an experimenter wants to see the role of mental images in thinking process then he has to study this problem using introspection method.

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Important Points :-

In the present chapter methods of psychology and measure of central tendency are discussed. Invigilation method is also called as observation method. In this method the observer studies the behavior of the organism or person.
The case study method is used in clinical psychology to identify the symptoms of any disease and the cause responsible for it.
Generally the conversation between two or more persons for any specific cause is called as an interview.
Survey method, experimental method introspection method are the basic psychological methods.
The measure of central tendency are- Mean, Mode, Median. In the present chapter frequency distribution, linear presentation, graphical presentation, frequency polygon and histogram are discussed.

1. The meaning of frequency is:
a) Scores
b) No. of repetitions of scores
c) Multiple of scores
d) None of these

Answer :- B

2. Which of the method is not suitable for absolute frequency distribution?
a) Exclusive method
b) Inclusive method
c) Exact method
d) None of these

Answer :- D

3.) Which is the formula for range?
a) (H-L)+1
b) (H+L)-1
c) (H-L)
d) NONE OF THESE

Answer :- A

4. The symbol of size of class interval is:
a) Y
b) X
c) i
d) p

Answer :- C

5. Which of the following is a graphical method?
a) Frequency polygon
b) Histogram
c) Bar diagram
d) All the above
Answer :- ????