Psychoanalytic theory of Human Development

• Human development has alwaysbeen an interesting and important subject for investigators. There are many theories of human development which have studied the development from different angles. All these theories of human development can be classified into three main categories. The first theory is psychoanalytical theory which has been propounded by works of mainly Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. They emphasise the importance of early experiences help’s in the future development and regard unconscious motivation is very important. The second theory is behaviouristic theory which regards association of stimulus-response as important for learning. This connectionism the result of either classical conditioning or operant conditioning. These theories are regarded more scientific and objective because in these the behaviour of man can be observed and measured. The third theory of development is cognitive theory which emphasises human perception and its organization. This theory of human development can be called molecular.
• Psychoanalytical theory of human development includes mainly theories of personality development of Freud and Erikson. Sigmund freud propounded psychoanalytical theory and psycho-social theory was propound by Erikson which mention the stages of human development from birth to adulthood.

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Important Points of Human Development :- 

1. Development means proceeding towards more maturity which is not quantitatively measurable but in qualitative change.
2. Development in continuous, systematic and sequential.
3. In each cell of parents there are 23 chromosoms and these constitute 23 pairs.
4. Each choromosom has many genes and each gene determines one or the other trait or characteristic.
5. Heredity provides potentialities to develop. These potentialities develop in environment.
6. Sigmund Freud propounded psychoanalytic theory and Erikson propounded Psycho­ social theory which describe the stages of development from birth to adulthood.

Human Development Questions And Answers

1. What is the meaning of heredity?
(A) Sperm and ovam
(B) Chromosomes and genes
(C) Mitosis and Meiosis
(D) DNA and RNA

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2. Which of the following theory has been propounded by Freud?
(A) Cognitive theory
(B) Psycho-social theory
(C) Stimulus-response theory
(D) Psycho analytic theory

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3. Who out of the following has propounded psycho-social theory?
(A) Sigmund freud
(B) Erik Erikson
(C) E.B. Hurlock
(D) Not any of these

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