Relation of Heredity and Environment

• The effect of heredity and environment on human development cannot be separated. On the contrary they are complementary to each other. A healthy seed can become a healthy plant only when the environment is healthy and balanced or good and healthy environment cannot develop unhealthy seed into a healthy plant. In the absence of countribution of seed and environment the complete development of plant is not posssible. Heredity provides capacities and conditions for the development of human beings and environment provides opportunities for the development ofthese capacities. Human development is not possible only in environment or only in heredity. It is the product combination of both biological inheritance and social heritance. To what extent heredity and environment contribute to human development, is a question that has not been answerd as yet. Psychologists have not yet decided which of the two heredity and environment influences human development in greater amount. In the context of human development it can be said that whatever an individual thinks, does or experiences is the result of mutual relations of factors of heredity and effects of environment. Experiments have proved that individiual differences are found in children inspite of their living in same environment and having same heredity. Hence we can say that both heredity and environment influence the development of child. Indeed human beings are the product of combination of biological inheritance and social inheritance.

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Important Points of Human Development :- 

1. Development means proceeding towards more maturity which is not quantitatively measurable but in qualitative change.
2. Development in continuous, systematic and sequential.
3. In each cell of parents there are 23 chromosoms and these constitute 23 pairs.
4. Each choromosom has many genes and each gene determines one or the other trait or characteristic.
5. Heredity provides potentialities to develop. These potentialities develop in environment.
6. Sigmund Freud propounded psychoanalytic theory and Erikson propounded Psycho­ social theory which describe the stages of development from birth to adulthood.

Human Development Questions And Answers

1. What is the meaning of heredity?
(A) Sperm and ovam
(B) Chromosomes and genes
(C) Mitosis and Meiosis
(D) DNA and RNA

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2. Which of the following theory has been propounded by Freud?
(A) Cognitive theory
(B) Psycho-social theory
(C) Stimulus-response theory
(D) Psycho analytic theory

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3. Who out of the following has propounded psycho-social theory?
(A) Sigmund freud
(B) Erik Erikson
(C) E.B. Hurlock
(D) Not any of these

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