What Is Cognitive Development ?
- Cognition is the ability or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Cognitive development determines development of attitude, adaptation skills, and management of fear originating from environmental changes, protection from distress.
- In this age child understands things, incidents, information through his senses. He learns to reason, contemplate, analyze, memorize and wishes to know certain things in more detail and depth. The child in this stage is curious and investigative. This is the reason why child asks various types of questions to the parents, teachers, friends and companions. The child is gregarious and spends most of his time with friends and companions. He even shares his toys. He understands well the interconversion of milk into various forms and that its volume and quantity remains the same. Similarly he understands micro concepts like
weight, height, area, radius, diameter, depth, length etc.
Cognitive abilities in childhood
1. Memorizing ability
2. Reasoning ability
3. Questioning ability
4. Functional development
5. Contemplating ability
6. Generalizing ability
7. Reading-writing ability
8. Sensory exploration
Factors affecting cognitive development
1. Genetics
2. Senses
3. Maturity
4. Mental ability
5. Learning opportunities
6. Head injury
7. Physical health
8. Wisdom
9. Environment
10. Adaptation ability
11. Suitable facility for learning and training
12. Age differences
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Important Points of Development in Infancy and Childhood :-
- Childhood is an extremely important step of all the steps involved in life span development. In this stage, growth and development in children takes place at a very rapid rate.
- By the end of childhood stage height of a child is 57.5 inches and weight is 48 kg.
- Malnutrition, physical weight and size, modest qualities and feeble mind, emotional condition, lack of learning opportunities, lack of encouragement, etc. are the factors affecting child’s development.
- Cognition is the ability or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
- A child learns to reason, contemplate, analyze, memorize by intellectual and mental development.
- Memorizing ability, reasoning ability, questioning ability, contemplating ability, generalizing ability-are some of the cognitive abilities of childhood.
- Wisdom or intellect is a strength which gives an individual the ability to adjust with the changing situations.
- Hardships of speech development are- voice defects and voice disorders such as defects in pronunciation, defects in sentence formation, (v) word meaning related defects, faulty pronunciation, unclear pronunciation, stammering, lisping and sharp obscure speech
- Bilingual in general means- ‘using two 2. languages’.
- Stages of language development- crying, blabbering, facial expressions, pronunciation, analyzing power, vocabulary, sentence formation.
- Ethical behavior is the conduct according to the ethical code of a social group.
Development in Infancy and Childhood Questions-Answers
1. Which of the following does not affect physical development?
(a) Malnutrition
(b) Nutrition
(c) Disease
(d) Fear
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2. Which of the following is a cognitive ability of childhood?
(a) Maturity
(b) Senses
(c) Reasoning ability
(d) Wisdom
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3. How many languages are used in bilingualism?
(a) Two
(b) One
(c) Three
(d) Five
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4. Which is a voice disorder?
(a) Defect in pronunciation
(b) Deaf and dumb
(c) Stammering
(d) Defect in sentence formation
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5. Which of the following is not a common emotion?
(a) Fear
(b) Smiling
(c) Anger
(d) Shyness
Answer :- ?????